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A SET OF TOOLS. 



BY 



REV. ALFRED TAYLOR. 






/ s u - 

NEW YORK: 
PHILLIPS & HUNT 

CINCINNATI: 
WALDEN & STOWE 



i88- v 



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The "Home College Series" will contain one hundred short papers on 
a wide range of subjects — biographical, historical, scientific, literary, domes- 
tic, political, and religious. Indeed, s the religious tone will characterize all 
of them. They are written for every body — for all whose leisure is limited, 
but who desire to use the minutes for the enrichment of life. 

These papers contain seeds from the best gardens in all the world of 
human knowledge, and if dropped wisely into good soil, will bring forth 
harvests of beauty and value. 

They are for the young — especially for young people (and older people, 
too) who are out of the schools, who are full of "business" and "cares," 
who are in danger of reading nothing, or of reading a sensational literature 
that is worse than nothing. 

One of these papers a week read over and over, thought and talked about 
at "odd times," will give in one year a vast fund of information, an intel- 
lectual quickening, worth even more than the mere knowledge acquired, a 
taste for solid reading, many hours of simple and wholesome pleasure, and 
ability to talk intelligently and helpfully to one's friends. 

Pastors may organize "Home College" classes, or "Lyceum Reading 
Unions," or "Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circles," and help the 
young people to read and think and talk and live to worthier purpose. 

A young man may have his own little " college " all by himself, read this 
series of tracts one after the other, (there will soon be one hundred of them 
ready,) examine himself on them by "the " Thought-Outline to Help the Mem- 
ory," and thus gain knowledge, and, what is better, a love of knowledge. 

And what a young man may do in this respect, a young woman, and both 

old men and old women, may do. 

,J. H. Vincent- 

New York, Jan., 1883. 



Copyright, 1883, by Philmps & Hunt, New York. 



j$omz Collegi Siriis, jfomber Cjrirttt-iigjjt 
A SET OF TOOLS, 

AND WHAT TO DO WITH THEM. 



What shall we do with our tools? Rather let us ask, 
What could we do without them ? A box of tools is to-day 
the necessity of every American household. Whether in the 
city or on a farm, in a new settlement or on a desert hermit- 
age, we must have some tools, or we are desolate. We 
must know how to use them, or we are helpless. Happily 
it has of late years become customary to give every boy an 
opportunity of learning something about tools and their 
management. The girl, too, has picked up many useful 
hints as to the profession of carpenter and machinist. The 
general introduction of the sewing-machine has had much to 
do with this. The girls, who formerly could hardly tell a 
screw-driver from a kitchen poker, are now able to take a 
sewing-machine apart and put it together again. 

As in other inventions and appliances bearing on the 
world's work of to-day, so in tools; the inventions and im- 
provements of very recent years have been out of all pro- 
portion to those of previous centuries. For long ages there 
was very little improvement in tools or in implements of 
agriculture. People were satisfied with using such things 
as their fathers and grandfathers had used before them. 
Even among the more civilized nations, where the art of 
working in steel was well understood, it is only in recent 
years that superior tools have been put in the hands of the 
people. There have always been a few skilled artificers who 
had fine tools with which to do fine work. With these they 
accomplished as choice results as can now be attained w T ith 
similar tools and by hand work. A vast amount of delicate 



<7- 37< 



A SET OF TOOLS. 



inlaid work and cabinet work was done in this way in former 
centuries. As to the use of steel, there is nothing so very 
novel in it. The sword-makers of Damascus, centuries ago, 
made quite as good steel as is made in our day. But they 
did not apply it to any great extent to tools for ordinary 
use. One of the great differences between the tool-making 
of earlier days and that of to-day was that in those days 
fewer tools were required, because less work was done. 
When Hiram, King of Tyre, sent his workmen to the forests 
of the Lebanon mountains to procure timber to fill his con- 
tracts for Solomon, every tree that was cut down was felled 
with the ax by the slow process of hand chopping. There 
was no such thing as a saw-mill in which the great cedar 
logs could be dressed off and sawed into boards. Thus the 
processes of carpentry were slow and tedious. In those days 
it made but little difference, for there was plenty of time, 
and nobody was in a hurry. In the days of Noah's ark- 
building there must have been an abundance of leisure for 
the slowest kind of work. If the ark was 120 years in build- 
ing, the antediluvian carpenters probably took their own 
time in their own way. 

We have abundant evidence that the ancients were skilled 
in masonry and the use of stone-cutting tools. They made 
musical instruments of metal and of wood, necessitating 
the use of many fine tools and of a thorough knowledge of 
metal-working and of the finer kinds of carpentry. They 
spun and wove textile fabrics of great variety and of beauty, 
although their spinning machinery and their looms appear to 
have been of very simple construction. The tools required 
in brick-making and pottery were the most primitive we can 
conceive of. For farming there were plows and threshing 
instruments, and sickles and pruning-hooks, and spades and 
shovels. For carpentry there were hammers and axes and 
saws, with, probably, a variety of the lesser kind of tools, 
including borers of various simple patterns. 



A SET OF TOOLS. 



The better to realize what the tool-makers of to-day have 
given us, let us look back half a century. Fifty years ago 
there was not a sewing-machine. There were but a few 
locomotive engines. There were stationary engines for 
pumping and for other purposes, but, as compared with the 
engines of to-day, they were mostly unsatisfactory things, 
not always working either smoothly or reliably. There were 
turning-lathes, on some of which as fine work was done as 
can be done to-day. They were worked laboriously by foot 
power. Printing-presses were generally small affairs, worked 
by hand, even for the daily newspapers. There were no 
such foundries as now turn out the ponderous machinery for 
our great ocean steamers, nor were there any machines ca- 
pable of doing the turning and planing involved in the con- 
struction of a marine steam-engine. The water-works of 
our great cities were hardly in their infancy, many of them 
then being unborn. Had there been a general introduc- 
tion of steam-engines for such things as machine-shops 
and printing-presses there would not have been a good sup- 
ply of water. Even in the city of New York water was, 
fifty years ago, carried from door to door in carts, and sold 
at a cent a bucketful. There were pumps at various places 
in the city, from which these carts were filled. Most of the 
mechanical work which is now done by machinery was then 
done by hand in a slow way, and with a great deal more 
laborious toil. 

In the carpenter's tools of half a century ago, such as the 
mechanic used at his bench or the householder had in his family 
tool-chest, there was a comparatively limited variety. Most 
of the tools were deficient in shape, quality, or efficiency, as 
compared with those we have now. Even in such a simple 
thing as a hammer there have been many improvements. 
There are now hammers for every conceivable variety of 
hammering, from the delicate-handled and light-headed little 
hammer used by the jeweler in his finest work to the great 



A SET OF TOOLS. 



solid steel spiking-maul with which the railroad constructors 
drive into the cross-ties the spikes which secure the rails. 
The silversmith has his "round pein" or "cross pein" ham- 
mer, with which to do his dainty repoussl work; and the 
stone-cutter deals heavy blows on granite with his "spalling" 
of steel with hardened single or double face. The lady tacks 
down her carpet with the slender tack-hammer, and woe to 
her thumb-nails if she has thought to economize by buying 
a " cheap " cast-iron thing for four cents, instead of a steel- 
faced one at a little higher price. 

The boring tools of half a century ago were mostly clumsy 
things. How perversely they used to split and tear the wood 
in which we vainly attempted to make neat holes ! They 
seemed made on purpose to cause boys vexation and disap- 
pointment. How the grown-up carpenters managed to use 
those old gimlets without spoiling all their work was a thing 
" we boys " could never understand. Most of the borers 
were w r orked by hand. There was the old-fashioned brace- 
and-bit device for boring. The brace had no catch in it to 
keep the bit from tumbling out; consequently the bit gave 
trouble by falling out of the brace as soon as a hole was 
bored. When some ingenious inventor thought of a simple 
catch to fit into a notch in the bit, and thus hold it fast in 
the brace, it was considered a great triumph of genius. The 
gimlet-pointed screw, so common now, had not then been 
invented. The screws had flat ends, like nails. In order to 
get a screw into a piece of wood we had first to bore a hole 
with an awl, or with one of those awful old gimlets with 
which we ran a risk of splitting and cracking the wood. 
Now we have only to start a hole for the gimlet-screw, stick 
the screw in, hit it a rap or two on the head, then drive it 
home with the screw-driver, and the work is done. We had 
hand drills for boring fine holes fifty years ago, but what 
sort of things were they? They ran on the "fiddle-bow" 
principle, and generally failed us when we wanted to drill a 



A SET OF TOOLS. 



hole. If our drills were all broken, as they generally were, 
and we went to a hardware store for new ones, the hardware 
man told us that he had none, and never kept any. He 
furthermore would tell us that the best way to get drills 
was to make them for ourselves out of steel wire. It is not 
to be denied that this was an improving and instructive ex- 
ercise, but it sadly exercised our patience. Now we can, at 
any respectable hardware store, buy steel drills of any size, 
in any quantity, without a moment's previous notice, and at 
a price so small as to make us wonder what profit there can 
be in fashioning and selling such things. As to the handles 
in which to set the drills, and by means of which to make 
them go round, there are dozens of different kinds, each 
claiming to be better than all the others. 

The planes of older days, what clumsy things they were,, 
compared with the beautiful things of iron and bronze 
frames with which we now do our smoothing ! There were 
"jack-planes" for rougher work, and "fore-planes" for fin- 
ishing. Then there were bead-planes and rabbet-planes and 
tongue-and-groove-planes, just as now, except that these 
were all clumsy blocks of wood with the plane-bit fastened 
in by a wedge. In order to set the bit, or cutter, so as to 
take off a chip of the desired thickness, the bit had to be 
held in place with one hand while with the other hand the 
wedge was hammered into position. This being done, it 
was generally found that the bite of the bit was too heavy 
or too light, or, in other words, that we had pounded the bit 
too far through, or else not far enough. Then we had to 
knock it out by pounding on the back end of the plane, and 
do the work of setting all over again. After working a 
little while the plane would become choked with chips, and 
we had to knock the bit out, empty the chips, and again 
put every thing together in place. It seems almost miracu- 
lous that we ever accomplished any thing with such planes. 
Look at our planes now. They are of metallic frame, with 



A SET OF TOOLS. 



the position of the bit regulated by a set- screw. Instead of 
hammering and pounding and banging the plane to pieces, 
a turn of screw with thumb and finger accomplishes the de- 
sired result, and puts the bit just where we want it, so that 
it will bite through exactly the right thickness of shaving 
to be taken off. Thus we save time and effort, avoid bruis- 
ing our fingers, and succeed better in possessing our souls 
in patience. 

In sawing wood the present days are the better days. The 
principle of the hand-saw of to-day is the same as of the 
saws used by Noah and Solomon, namely, a notched blade 
of steel, pushed or pulled through the timber in such a way 
as to make a cut. But there is a great improvement on the 
old way of working by hand, either for straight work or for 
that which is curved. Now we do much of our sawing by 
a delightful little machine worked by a treadle. An easy 
motion of the foot keeps the machine going. A blade which 
works up and down with great rapidity does the cutting at 
the down stroke. Although this is a very narrow blade, with 
extremely small teeth, it cuts through boards of considerable 
thickness, provided the machine is powerful enough to drive 
it. The power with which the machine carries the saw blade 
does not always depend on the vigor with which the oper- 
ator works the treadle. In the machines, of which a large 
balance-wheel is one of the important parts, the weight of 
the wheel has much to do with the regularity of the motion 
of the saw blade as well as with the power it exerts. There 
are machines made on a different plan with a wheel which 
moves continuously and positively, without a crank, and by 
treading down the treadle. Such a machine will carry a 
saw-blade through three-inch pine and leave a perfectly 
smooth cut which needs no after finishing. 

The introduction of the foot-power saw has done great 
things for the young people of the present generation. To 
use it is delightful work, and has in many instances been 



A SET OF TOOLS. 



found pecuniarily profitable. Almost any young person of 
intelligence can manage one, and do a wonderful amount of 
useful and ornamental work. The physical effort required is 
so small that even invalids who can do hardly any thing else 
can run a saw of this kind. There are many instances in 
which families have been supported by the pleasant labor of 
some one who could do nothing else but operate such a saw. 
The cultivation of good taste resulting from this work is an 
important consideration. Patterns for sawed work may be 
bought at the stores in endless variety and for a trifling 
price. After using these for awhile a young person of rea- 
sonable ingenuity is able to devise patterns for himself, and 
strike out in many original lines. The putting together of 
sawed work in the way of brackets, book-shelves, cabinets, 
and other objects of use or ornament, is often the means 
of acquiring a knowledge of the arts of carpentering and 
cabinet -making. Practice in these respects serves as a 
wholesome stimulus to make boys and girls ingenious and 
helpful. 

Closely related to the saw, in its practical usefulness and 
its domestic economy, is that useful and pleasure -giving 
contrivance, the turning-lathe. The turning-lathe is an old 
device ; exactly how old, nobody knows. But the turning- 
lathe as we now find it, compact, handy, economical, and 
ready for e very-day use in any body's house, is a thing of 
the past few years. Half a century ago there were lathes, 
large and small. One of the earliest uses of the steam- 
engine in ordinary mechanical operations was to move the 
big turning-lathes which turned posts for the old-fashioned 
high -post bedsteads. Then there were smaller lathes for 
finer work. Once in a long while some wealthy amateur 
would be heard of who had a turning-lathe in his house. I 
knew of two such men when I was a boy. They and their 
lathes were my delight and my envy. The lathe of to-day 
differs from the earlier lathes in its convenience, its com- 



A SET OF TOOLS. 



pactness, and its cheapness. Inventors and machinists have 
made many patterns of lathes, as they have of saws. Each 
has some particular feature to recommend it above all oth- 
ers. Some are lathes alone, while others have attachments 
for fret-sawing and for circular-sawing. Here let it be noted 
that the sawing which is done by means of a revolving cir- 
cular saw is always in a straight line. A fret-saw blade 
can also be made to do its work in a straight line, but for 
straight work the " circular " is the more efficient. One of 
the most complete lathes that can be desired is the sort 
which has both these sawing attachments. When the lathe 
is to be used for turning, the saw attachments are folded on 
hinges, and are out of the way. The head-stock is the part 
of the lathe on which are the wheels or pulleys which re- 
ceive their motion by a band or belt from the big driving or 
balance wheel below. The balance-wheel is worked by a 
treadle and crank, as a general thing. The tail-stock is at 
the other end, the bed of the lathe (which should always be 
of iron) connecting the two. The tail-stock may be moved 
along on the iron bed to bring it to the required distance 
from the head-stock, according to the length of the piece of 
work to be turned. It is kept in place by a set-screw. An 
important adjunct of the lathe is the hand-rest on which the 
tool is placed. In the cheaper lathes this rest must be moved 
by hand to the place wanted, where it is fastened by a set- 
screw. In the more expensive lathes a sliding-rest is fur- 
nished, which is moved by a screw. This rest carries the 
tool, which by its aid is held firmly against the work. In 
case of a sliding-rest which works automatically, the tool is 
made fast to the rest, and does its work as it moves. When 
a large quantity of work of a particular kind is to be done 
on a lathe, such, for instance, as a lot of tool-handles which 
are all to be of exactly the same size, a chisel or chisels 
may be made to suit the exact size and shape. These 
chisels are placed in adjustable rests and moved so as to be 



A SET OF TOOLS. 



brought in contact with the pieces of wood which are to 
be shaped. 

The turning of metal work is much the same as that of 
wood work, except that the material to be operated on is 
harder, and that it takes more labor and more experience. 
Almost any careful youngster can soon learn to operate a 
lathe on ordinary wood work. He may cut his fingers a few 
times, and he need not be surprised if his work sometimes 
perversely picks up his chisel by the wrong end and sends 
it flying up to the ceiling, or hits him in the head with it. 
This sort of disaster often happens to experienced workmen. 
A dentist, was polishing in his lathe a set of teeth which he 
had just finished for a clergyman who was to lecture that 
night, and who needed to put the artificials in his mouth. 
Suddenly the revolving polishing -brush caught the new 
teeth, jerked them up to the ceiling, whence they were 
dashed on the floor in a state of ruin. The luckless clergy- 
man had to lecture that night with a broken old set of teeth 
which imperfectly fit him. He was annoyed, and some of 
his best friends were disgusted with the lecture. 

Who should have Tools ? 

Every boy ought to be provided with tools, just as with 
books. There are some boys who will excel with them, and 
others who will not, just as with every other branch of edu- 
cation. The cost of enough tools to make the trial with is 
so small that the experiment is worth trying on every boy. 
There are but few boys so dull that they will make an utter 
failure. A tool-box should be among the first presents be- 
stowed on a growing boy. As for the girls, there is nothing 
unladylike in the use of tools or in a thorough acquaintance 
with them. One thing should be carefully avoided, whether 
for boy or girl, namely, the good-for-nothing tools of soft 
iron with which many " cheap " tool-boxes are filled. These 
are supposed to be cheap because very little money is asked 



10 A SET OF TOOLS. 



for them. There is no more economy in buying such tools 
than in getting an old, worn-out, and rattle-bang piano for 
a beginner to practice on. Let every boy or girl begin with 
something that is worth using, and that will do fairly good 
work. As success is attained with the first tools, more can 
be added, and the work of mechanical education will go on 
almost of itself. The youngster who begins at an early age 
with a hammer, saw, gimlet, chisel, and a lot of nails, may 
make a dirt in the house or the back yard, and then provoke 
criticism. But the art of being neat is almost as important 
as that of carpentry, and he must learn at the outset to 
pick up every chip he makes, and to sweep away every atom 
of sawdust. "A place for every thing, and every thing 
in its place," is one of the first rules to be learned in con- 
nection with the use of tools. A boy who has a wholesome 
ambition to observe this rule will make friends in the prac- 
tice of his amateur carpentering and contriving. 

As to the money consideration, there are many boys 
who are ready to excuse themselves for having no tools by 
saying that their parents gave them none, and that they 
have no money of their own with which to buy any. There 
is nothing but the most dreadful poverty that should serve 
for such an excuse. Tools cost but little, and are worth all 
they cost. It is not necessary to buy a whole outfit at once. 
The expenditure of a little money every week or month will 
soon enrich a boy with tools. Many boys can procure a 
good outfit of tools by saving the money which they would 
otherwise spend on foolishness. If the cigarette-smoking 
boy will carefully count up how much he spends in a year 
for dirty tobacco, he will find it more than enough to keep 
him supplied with good tools, a foot-power fret-saw, and 
working material enough to keep him happy. The amount 
which some boys spend in a year for cigars, chewing-to- 
bacco, and bad books, would furnish them with a first-class 
turning-lathe and all the necessary appliances. 



A SET OF TOOLS. 11 



The educational power of the tools is not to be despised. 
Many a boy has learned to be an artificer, an engineer, or 
an inventor, by having tools of his own to work with. The 
very spoiling of a boy's first job has often led him to deter- 
mine to do the next job without spoiling it. From partial 
success an ambitious boy goes on to more complete success. 
The clumsy fellow at whose first awkward work all his 
friends and relations smile is often the one who goes on to 
achieve renown as a perfect workman. Let no boy be dis- 
couraged by first failures. Few people have ever made a 
crowning success with their first undertakings. "Finis co- 
ronat opits" If you don't understand that, ask some friend 
with a Latin dictionary. 

But there is something in tools far above mere education. 
Tools have morals, if rightly used. There is an incalculable 
advantage to the young man who, by such home attractions 
as his tool-box can give him, is kept from spending his even- 
ings in bad company. Every young man has surplus energy 
as well as spare time over and above what are occupied with 
book learning. It is not well to be studying books during- 
all of our waking hours. We must have a little variety in 
our employment. So with the young folks who have left 
school, and being engaged in some work which brings wages, 
have their evenings to themselves. Thousands of boys have 
come to a bad end because, having nothing to do in the 
evenings, they strolled forth to meet other fellows who had 
nothing to do. Had they confined themselves to doing- 
nothing, it might not have been so bad for them. But en- 
ergetic young persons are not content to do nothing. If 
they have absolutely nothing to do, they will soon be doing- 
mischief. Many a successful young man can to-day trace a 
large measure of his success to the fact, that when he was a 
boy he was provided with tools, and thus kept busy. Mind 
and body were employed. The genius of invention was 
stimulated. The organ of constructiveness was developed. 



12 A SET OF TOOLS. 



The youth learned to admire the busy mechanic and the in- 
dustrious artisan, even if found with greasy hands or dusty 
clothing. He learned to entertain a supreme pity, perhaps 
with a shade of contempt in it, for the rich young upstart 
who, having inherited wealth, had no higher ambition than 
to squander it in indolence and dissipation, without making 
the world any better for it. The young man who makes 
the most of his ingenuity, and schools himself in all that is 
useful in art, industry, and science, is sure to push on to 
success. The busy brain which contrives, and the skillful 
hands which execute, may, under God's blessing, accomplish 
majestic results, not only for the ingenious and thrifty man's 
household, but for humanity at large. 



"A heart to resolve, a head to contrive, and a hand to execute." — Gibbon. 
" I know a hawk from a handsaw." — Shakespeare. 

" The hand that rounded Peter's dome, 

And groined the aisles of Christian Rome, 

Wrought in a sad sincerity ; 

Himself from God he could not free ; 

He builded better than he knew ; 

The conscious stone to beauty grew." — Emerson. 
" And he fashioned it with a graving tool."— Exodus xxxii, 4. 
" But now my task is smoothly done."— Milton. 
" Such and so varied are the tastes of men."— Akenside. 

" And hear thy everlasting yawn confess 

The pains and penalties of idleness." — Pope. 

" A servant with this clause 
Makes drudgery divine ; 

Who sweeps a room as for thy laws, 

Makes that and th' action fine."— Herbert. 
" By sports like these are all their cares beguiled."— Goldsmith. 
"But as one was felling a beam, the axe head fell into the water: and he 
cried, and said, Alas, master ! for it was borrowed."— Bible. 

" Neither a borrower nor a lender be, 

For loan oft loses both itself and friend, 

And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry."— Shakespeare. 
" The proper Epic of this world is not now ' Arms and the man ' ; how much 
less ' Shirt-frills and the man' : no, it is now 'Tools and the man ' : that, hence- 
forth to all time, is now our Epic." — Carlyle. 



J± SET OIF" TOOLS. 
[thought-outline to help the memoey.] 

1. Tools for every body ? Better tools than formerly ? Hiram? Noah? Solo- 

mon? 

2. Smaller tools? Plane— Drills— Hammers ? The lathe— for wood— for metal? 

3. Cheap tools not best ? Easily gotten ? Practice ? Neatness ? How to save 

money to get a supply ? The good of it ? To body and mind, and morals, 
too. 



OIE3:-^TTT_^TTQTT^. TEXT-BOOKS. 



10 



No. 1. Biblical Exploration. A Con- 
densed Manual on How to Study the 
Bible. By J. H. Vincent, D.D. Full 
and rich 

No. 2. Studies of the Stars. A Pocket 
Guide to the Science of Astronomy, 
By H. W. Warren, D.D. 

No. 3. Bible Studies for Little People. 
By Kev. B. T. Vincent.. 

No. 4. English History. By J. H. Vin- 
cent, D.D 

No. 5. Greek History. By J. H. Vin- 
cent, D.D 

No. 6. Greek Literature. By A. D. 
Vail,D.D 20 

No. 7. Memorial Days of the Chautau- 
qua Literary and Scientific Circle 10 

No. 8. What Noted Men Think of the 
Bible. By L. T. Townsend, D.D 10 

No. 9. William Cullen Bryant 10 

No. 10. What is Education? By Wm. 

F. Phelps, AM 10 

No. 11. Socrates. By Prof. W. F. Phelps, 
A.M 10 

No. 12. Pestalozzi. Bv Prof. W. F. 
Phelps, A.M " 10 

No. 13. Anglo-Saxon. By Prof. Albert 
S. Cook 

No. 14. Horace Mann. By Prof. Wm. 
F. Phelps, A.M 

No. 15. Froebel. By Prof. Wm. F. 
Phelps, A.M 

No. 16. Roman History. Bv J. H. Vin- 
cent, D.D 

No.- 17. Roger Ascham and John Sturm. 
Glimpses of Education in the Six- 
teenth Century. By Prof. Wm. F. 
Phelps, AM 

No. 18. Christian Evidences. By J. H. 
Vincent, D.D 



20 



10 



10 



CENTS. 

By J. M. 



10 



No. 19. The Book of Books. 

Freeman, D.D 

No. 20. The Chautauqua Hand-Book. 

By J. H. Vincent, D.D 10 

No. 21. American History. By J. L. 

Hurlbut, A.M 10 

No. 22. Biblical Biology. By Rev. J. 

H. Wythe, A.M., M.D 10 

No. 23. English Literature. By Prof. 

J. H. Gilmore 20 

No. 24. Canadian History. By Jame3 

L. Hughes 10 

No. 25. Self-Education. By Joseph Al- 

den, D.D., LL.D 

No. 26. The Tabernacle. By Rev. John 

C.Hill 

No. 27. Readings from Ancient Classics. 
No. 28. Manners and Customs of Bible 

Times. By J. M. Freeman, D.D 

No. 29. Man's Antiquity and Language. 

By M. S. Terry,. D.D 10 

No. 30. The World of > Missions. By 

Henry K. Carroll 10 

No. 31. What Noted Men Think of 

Christ. By L. T. Townsend, D.D. . . . 
No. 32. A Brief Outline of the History 

of Art. Bv Miss Julia B.De Forest.. 
No. 33. Elihu Burritt: "The Learned 

Blacksmith." By Charles Northend . 
No. 34. Asiatic History: China, Corea, 

Japan. By Rev. Wm. Elliot Griffis . . 
No. 35. Outlines of General History. 

By J. H. Vincent, D.D 

No. 36. Assembly Bible Outlines. By 

J. H. Vincent, D.D 

No. 37. Assembly Normal Outlines. By 

J. H. Vincent, D.D 10 

No. 38. The Life of Christ. By Rev. 

J. L. Hurlbut, M,A 10 

No, 39. The Sundav-School Normal 

Class. By J. H. Vincent, D.D 10 



10 



10 



10 



10 



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Home College Series. 

Price, each, 5 cents. Per 100, for cash, $3 50. 

The " Home College Series" will contain short papers on a wide range of subjects — 
biographical, historical, scientific, literary, domestic, political, and religious. Indeed, the 
religious tone will characterize all of them. They are written for every body — for all 
whose leisure is limited, but who desire to use the minutes for the enrichment of life. 



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Thomas Carlyle. By Daniel Wise, 

D.D. 
William Wordsworth. By Daniel 

Wise, D.D. 
Egypt. By J. I. Boswell. 
Henry Wordsworth Longfellow. 

By Daniel Wise, D.D. 
Pome. By J. I. Boswell. 
England. By J. I. Boswell. 
The Sun. By C. M. Westlake, M.S. 
Washington Irving. By Daniel Wise, 

D.D. 
Political Economy. By G. M. Steele, 

D.D. 
Art in Egypt. By Edward A. Rand. 
Greece. By J. I. Boswell. 
Christ as a Teacher. By Bishop E. 

Thomson. 
George Herbert. By Daniel Wise, 

D.D. 
Daniel the Uncompromising Young 

Man. By C. H. Payne, D.D. 
The Moon. By C. M. Westlake, M.S. 
The Rain. By Miss Carrie E. Den- 



RE 
No. 

39- 



17. Joseph Addison. By Daniel Wise, 

D.D. 

18. Edmund Spenser. By Daniel Wise, 

D.D. 

19. China and Japan. By J. I. Boswell. 

20. The Planets. By C. M. Westlake, 

M.S. 
2i. William Hickling Prescott. By 
Daniel Wise, D.D. 

22. Wise Sayings of the Common 

Folk. 

23. William Shakespeare. By Daniel 

Wise, D.D. 
•24. Geometry. 

25. The Stars. By C. M. Westlake, M.S. 

26. John Milton. By Daniel Wise, D.D. 

27. Penmanship. 

28. Housekeeper's Guide. 

29. Themistocles and Pericles. (From 

Plutarch.) 

30. Alexander. (From Plutarch.) 

31. Coriolartus and Maximus. (From 

Plutarch.) 

32. Demosthenes and Alcibiades. (From 

Plutarch.) 

33. The Gracchi. (From Plutarch.) 

34. Caesar and Cicero. (From Plutarch.) 

35. Palestine. By J. I. Boswell. 

36. Readings from William Words- 

worth. 

37. The Watch and the Clock. By Al- 

fred Taylor. 
38! A Set of Tools. By Alfred Taylor. 



83- 



ADY. 

Diamonds and other Precious 

Stones. By Alfred Taylor. 
Memory Practice. 
Gold and Silver. By Alfred Taylor. 
Meteors. By C. M. Westlake, M.S. 
Aerolites. By C. M. Westlake, M.S. 
France. By J. I. Boswell. 
Euphrates Valley. By J. I. Boswell. 
United States. By J. I. Boswell. 
The Ocean. By Miss Carrie R. Den- 

nen. 
Two Weeks in the Yosemite and 

Vicinity. By J. M. Buckley, D.D. 
Keep Good Company. By Samue 1 

Smiles. 
Ten Days in Switzerland. By H. B. 

Ridgaway, D.D. 
Art in the Far East. By E. A. Rand. 
Readings from Cowper. 
Plant Life. By Mrs. V. C. Phoebus. 
Words. By Mrs. V. C. Phcebus. 
Readings from Oliver Goldsmith. 
Art in Greece. Part I. 
Art in Italy. Part I. 
Art in Germany. 
Art in France. 
Art in England. 
Art in America. 
Readings from Tennyson. 
Readings from Milton. Part I. 
Thomas Chalmers. By Daniel Wise, 

D.D. 
Rufus Choate. 
The Temperance Movement versus 

The Liquor System. 
Germany. By J. I. Boswell. 
Readings from Milton. Part II. 
Reading and Readers. By H. C. 

Farrar, A.B. 
The Cary Sisters. By Miss Jennie M. 

Bingham. 
A Few Facts about Chemistry. By 

Mrs. V. C. Phcebus. 
A Few Facts about Geology. By 

Mrs. V. C. Phoebus. 
A Few Facts about Zoology. By 

Mrs. V. C. Phcebus. 
Circle (The) of Sciences. 
Daniel Webster. By Dr. C. Adams. 
The World of Science. 
Comets. By C. M. Westlake, M.S. 
Art in Greece. Part II. 
Art in Italy. Part II. 
Art in Land of Saracens. 
Art in Northern Europe. Part I. 
Art in Northern Europe, Part II. 
Art in Western Asia. By E. C. 

Rand. 



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